2007-01-31T21:52:00 $Revision: 1.23 $ Drafted by Jonathan Bard, Michael Ashburner, David States, Seung Y. Rhee, and Pascal Gaudet. Incorporating terms and synonyms from the eVOC cell ontology of Janet Kelso, Win Hide et al. http://www.sanbi.ac.za/evoc/ontologies.html. Hematopoietic cell terms revised by Alexander Diehl, MGI, The Jackson Laboratory. Contact Oliver Hofmann, oliver@sanbi.ac.za, at SANBI, University of the Western Cape. cell minna An elongated living cell with unevenly thickened nonlignified primary walls. ISBN:0471245208 collenchymal cell PMID:15582775 A subset of motor neurons that innervates intrafusal muscle fibers and has small diameter axons. fusimotor neuron A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma motile cell JB:jb Cell that provides some or all mechanical, nutritional and phagocytic support to their neighbors. sustentacular cell A secondary vascular cell that develops from the fusiform cambial initials and oriented with their longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. These cells make up the axial system, also known as vertical or longitudinal system. axial cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. supportive cell Clara cell prickle cell sheath cell (sensu Nematoda) glial cell (sensu Nematoda) secondary motor neuron immature T-lymphocyte immature T-cell immature T lymphocyte ISBN:0781735149 GOC:add An immature form of a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. immature T cell interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. MESH:A.08.663.358 FBbt:00005125 R5 photoreceptor cell An immature cell of the myeloid dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. PMID: 9521319 immature myeloid dendritic cell blood cell A cell found predominately in the blood. A water conducting cell, tracheid or vessel member. tracheary element cardiac muscle cell 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron 5-HT neuron serotonergic neuron SANBI:mhl A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. podocyte mesothelial cell early embryonic cell calcitonin secreting cell follicular B cell A resting mature B cell with distinct phenotypic characteristics (CD23-positive, CD21-positive) found typically in the B cell follicle region of the spleen. cold sensing thermoreceptor cell transitional epithelial cell androgen binding protein secreting cell photoreceptor cell FBbt:00004211 A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MESH:A.08.663.650.650 Cell in exodermis or endodermis that remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. Has casparian strip in endodermis. passage cell Sanbi:mhl A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. thyrotroph thyrotrope beta-basophil thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell cell by organism A classification of cells by the organisms within which they are contained. peripheral neuron extracellular matrix secreting cell secretin stimulating hormone secreting cell polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte basophilic leukocyte basophilic leucocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. ISBN:0721601464 basophil This term covers both immature and mature forms of basophils. A motor neuron that is located in the cervical region of the spinal cord and selectively innervates the sternocleidmastoid or trapezius muscle. Unlike other motor neurons, they extend axons dorsally along lateral margins of the spinal cord. PMID:16267219 SACMN spinal accessory motor neuron A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell apocrine cell tanycyte progesterone secreting cell MESH:A.11.329.679 A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. odontoclast A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell ISBN:0195088433 A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. horizontal cell PMID:12417662 A cell that lines the tunnel of Corti in the mammalian cochlea. The tunnel of Corti lies between the single row of inner hair cells and the first row of outer hair cells. Pillar cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. myeloid cell pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) fenestrated cell window cell chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:A.08.800.550.700.120 Interneuromast cell is a neuroectodermal cell deposited by the migrating lateral line primordium between the neuromasts. Interneuromast cells proliferate and migrate to form additional neuromasts. interneuromast cell stratified keratinized epithelial stem cell glioblast FBbt:00005145 acid secreting cell tertiary pigment cell attachment cell anterior cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota) Golgi cell A relatively unspecialized cell that will give rise to specialized cell types of the epidermis. TAIR:lr epidermal initial tendon cell muscle attachment cell adrenergic neuron socket cell PMID:10938806 A cell that surrounds a trichome and provides support for the trichome. cranial neural crest cell cambial initial A cell localized in the vascular cambium or phellogen. Its periclinal division can contribute cells either to the outside or to the inside of the axis; in vascular cambium, classified into fusiform initials (source of axial cells of xylem and phloem) and ray initials (source of the ray cells). humidity receptor cell Rohon-Beard neuron The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:A.05.360.490 germ cell MESH:A.08.340.685 A non-neuronal cell that surrounds the neuronal cell bodies of the ganglia. perineuronal satellite cell perineural satellite cell estradiol secreting cell Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. hemopoietic progenitor cell hematopoietic progenitor cell A progenitor cell of any hematopoietic lineage, potentially multipotent. hepatocyte MESH:A.11.436.348 The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. PMID:14689473 rod bipolar cell non-hair cell A cell formed after asymmetric division of root epidermal cell that does not give rise to a root hair. ISBN:0387987819 atrichoblast mucosal type mast cell A mast cell of a mucosal tissue. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell FBbt:00004903 follicle stem cell scolopidial ligament cell FBbt:00005221 surface ectodermal cell surface ectoderm cell female gamete secondary neuron olfactory receptor cell Schultze's cell olfactory sensory neuron olfactory receptor neuron mononuclear odontoclast A specialized multinuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. PMID:9415452 The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. myeloblast sieve tube member One of the series of cellular components of a sieve tube. It shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment. sieve tube element sensory processing neuron CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) auditory hair cell MESH:A.08.663.650.250 A mechanoreceptor cell located in the organ of Corti that is sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that is sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system. hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) T-helper 2 cell A type of T-helper cell whose cytokine production promotes defense against extracellular parasites and humoral immune responses typical of allergy. TH2 cell helper T-lymphocyte type 2 helper T-cell type 2 helper T lymphocyte type 2 helper T cell type 2 cuticle secreting cell suppressor T cell suppressor T-cell A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. suppressor T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte suppressor T lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte BB cone bipolar cell type 9 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is wide and the dendritic convergence indicates cone selectivity. The axon terminal is sparsely branched and terminates in sublamina 5 of the inner plexiform layer. A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. skeletal muscle myoblast stratified epithelial stem cell Cell expressing the ecmA marker from a promoter region that is proximal to the ATG (ecmAO promoter). They are located at the anterior-most region of the slug. During culmination pstA cells differentiate into pstAB cells. DictyBase:DDB pstAO pstA prestalk A cell DDANAT:0000022 monocyte stem cell colony forming unit macrophage CFU-M http://www.copewithcytokines.de A progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. monoblast stellate interneuron adepithelial cell FBbt:00003219 glandular epithelial cell milk secreting cell macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. histiocyte reticulocyte An immature erythrocyte showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining. fusiform initial CL:0000274 xylem mother cell xylem initial An elongated cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends, found in the vascular cambium, which gives rise to the elements of the axial system in the secondary vascular tissues. delta basophila gonadotroph luteinizing hormone secreting cell guidepost cell ISBN:08199377X A cell of a filament of a fungal mycelium. hyphal cell A myeloblast committed to the eosinophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. eosinophilic myeloblast basket cell monodendritic cell brush cell osteoprogenitor cell retinal bipolar neuron A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. NK T cell NK T lymphocyte natural killer T-cell natural killer T lymphocyte natural killer T cell natural killer T-lymphocyte NK T-cell An alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage bearing natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. NK T-lymphocyte B-1a B cell B-1a B lymphocyte PMID:11861604 A B-1 B cell bearing the CD5 surface marker. multinucleated odontoclast multinuclear odontoclast A specialized mononuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. border follicle cell FBbt:00004905 A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. blast cell non-terminally differentiated cell A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun. neutrophilic myelocyte ecdysteroid secreting cell support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) B-1 B-lymphocyte B-1 B-cell B-1 B lymphocyte A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. B-1 B cell cone retinal bipolar cell A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. tip cell A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. MESH:A.06.224.161 phaeochromocyte chromaffin cell spore (sensu Mycetozoa) Dormant cell protected by a spore coat. DDANAT:0000029 myeloid progenitor cell A progenitor cell of any myeloid lineage, potentially multipotent. Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. primary sporogenous cell pollen mother cell A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell. microsporocyte yolk cell fibrocyte stratified epithelial cell xylem fiber cell A fiber of the xylem tissue, Two types are recognized in the secondary xylem: fiber tracheids and libriform fibers. A fibroblast-like cell that provides support at neuromuscular junctions in vertebrates and are localized outside the synaptic basal lamina. perijunctional fibroblast satellite cell smooth muscle myoblast MESH:A.11.635.510 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. pinealocyte neuroglioblast FBbt:00005147 keratin accumulating cell basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis beta cell scotopic photoreceptor cell A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives an orange to red appearance. erythrophore chlamydospore An asexual 1-celled spore (primarily for perennation, not dissemination). Originates endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell by the contraction of the protoplast. Possesses an inner secondary and often thickened hyaline or brown wall, usually impregnated with hydrophobic material. ISBN:085199377X FBbt:00004904 follicle cell An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as the CD4 coreceptors. CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell SP CD4 cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte polymodal nocireceptor primary cell line cell FBbt:00000092 pole cell cuprophilic cell copper accumulating cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). IgG B cell Not a differentiation state per se, and IgG isotypes vary by species; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. tormogen cell FBbt:00005171 socket cell Refers to an activated mature B lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). B lymphoblast A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. MESH:A.08.637.600 oligodendroglia oligodendrocyte striated muscle cell skeletal muscle cell permanently open valve cell corticotropin hormone secreting cell A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin. corticotroph CL:0000640 corticotrophin hormone secreting cell corticotrope adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell squamous epithelial cell eosinophilic leukocyte eosinophilic leucocyte eosinocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte eosinophil FBbt:00001666 cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda) An immature T cell in the thymus that has passed the beta-selection checkpoint and is rapidly proliferating and rearranging the T cell receptor alpha chain and expressing the CD8 coreceptor. This stage comes between the DN4 and DP stages. immature single positive T cell ISP immature single positive T-lymphocyte immature single positive T-cell immature single positive T lymphocyte mesodermal cell mesoderm cell mesoblast MESH:A.16.254.425.660 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. stab cell band cell band form A late neutrophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature neutrophil. rod neutrophil band band form neutrophil An immature T cell in the thymus at the earliest stage of T cell receptor rearrangement of the beta, gamma, and delta T cell receptor chains. TN2 cell DN2 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte thymocyte DN2 thymocyte