2007-01-31T21:52:00 $Revision: 1.23 $ Drafted by Jonathan Bard, Michael Ashburner, David States, Seung Y. Rhee, and Pascal Gaudet. Incorporating terms and synonyms from the eVOC cell ontology of Janet Kelso, Win Hide et al. http://www.sanbi.ac.za/evoc/ontologies.html. Hematopoietic cell terms revised by Alexander Diehl, MGI, The Jackson Laboratory. Contact Oliver Hofmann, oliver@sanbi.ac.za, at SANBI, University of the Western Cape. cell minna An elongated living cell with unevenly thickened nonlignified primary walls. ISBN:0471245208 collenchymal cell PMID:15582775 A subset of motor neurons that innervates intrafusal muscle fibers and has small diameter axons. fusimotor neuron A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma motile cell JB:jb Cell that provides some or all mechanical, nutritional and phagocytic support to their neighbors. sustentacular cell A secondary vascular cell that develops from the fusiform cambial initials and oriented with their longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. These cells make up the axial system, also known as vertical or longitudinal system. axial cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. supportive cell Clara cell prickle cell sheath cell (sensu Nematoda) glial cell (sensu Nematoda) secondary motor neuron immature T-lymphocyte immature T-cell immature T lymphocyte ISBN:0781735149 GOC:add An immature form of a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. immature T cell interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. MESH:A.08.663.358 FBbt:00005125 R5 photoreceptor cell An immature cell of the myeloid dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. PMID: 9521319 immature myeloid dendritic cell blood cell A cell found predominately in the blood. A water conducting cell, tracheid or vessel member. tracheary element cardiac muscle cell 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron 5-HT neuron serotonergic neuron SANBI:mhl A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. podocyte mesothelial cell early embryonic cell calcitonin secreting cell follicular B cell A resting mature B cell with distinct phenotypic characteristics (CD23-positive, CD21-positive) found typically in the B cell follicle region of the spleen. cold sensing thermoreceptor cell transitional epithelial cell androgen binding protein secreting cell photoreceptor cell FBbt:00004211 A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MESH:A.08.663.650.650 Cell in exodermis or endodermis that remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. Has casparian strip in endodermis. passage cell Sanbi:mhl A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. thyrotroph thyrotrope beta-basophil thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell cell by organism A classification of cells by the organisms within which they are contained. peripheral neuron extracellular matrix secreting cell secretin stimulating hormone secreting cell polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte basophilic leukocyte basophilic leucocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. ISBN:0721601464 basophil This term covers both immature and mature forms of basophils. A motor neuron that is located in the cervical region of the spinal cord and selectively innervates the sternocleidmastoid or trapezius muscle. Unlike other motor neurons, they extend axons dorsally along lateral margins of the spinal cord. PMID:16267219 SACMN spinal accessory motor neuron A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell apocrine cell tanycyte progesterone secreting cell MESH:A.11.329.679 A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. odontoclast A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell ISBN:0195088433 A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. horizontal cell PMID:12417662 A cell that lines the tunnel of Corti in the mammalian cochlea. The tunnel of Corti lies between the single row of inner hair cells and the first row of outer hair cells. Pillar cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. myeloid cell pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) fenestrated cell window cell chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:A.08.800.550.700.120 Interneuromast cell is a neuroectodermal cell deposited by the migrating lateral line primordium between the neuromasts. Interneuromast cells proliferate and migrate to form additional neuromasts. interneuromast cell stratified keratinized epithelial stem cell glioblast FBbt:00005145 acid secreting cell tertiary pigment cell attachment cell anterior cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota) Golgi cell A relatively unspecialized cell that will give rise to specialized cell types of the epidermis. TAIR:lr epidermal initial tendon cell muscle attachment cell adrenergic neuron socket cell PMID:10938806 A cell that surrounds a trichome and provides support for the trichome. cranial neural crest cell cambial initial A cell localized in the vascular cambium or phellogen. Its periclinal division can contribute cells either to the outside or to the inside of the axis; in vascular cambium, classified into fusiform initials (source of axial cells of xylem and phloem) and ray initials (source of the ray cells). humidity receptor cell Rohon-Beard neuron The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:A.05.360.490 germ cell MESH:A.08.340.685 A non-neuronal cell that surrounds the neuronal cell bodies of the ganglia. perineuronal satellite cell perineural satellite cell estradiol secreting cell Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. hemopoietic progenitor cell hematopoietic progenitor cell A progenitor cell of any hematopoietic lineage, potentially multipotent. hepatocyte MESH:A.11.436.348 The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. PMID:14689473 rod bipolar cell non-hair cell A cell formed after asymmetric division of root epidermal cell that does not give rise to a root hair. ISBN:0387987819 atrichoblast mucosal type mast cell A mast cell of a mucosal tissue. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell FBbt:00004903 follicle stem cell scolopidial ligament cell FBbt:00005221 surface ectodermal cell surface ectoderm cell female gamete secondary neuron olfactory receptor cell Schultze's cell olfactory sensory neuron olfactory receptor neuron mononuclear odontoclast A specialized multinuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. PMID:9415452 The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. myeloblast sieve tube member One of the series of cellular components of a sieve tube. It shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment. sieve tube element sensory processing neuron CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) auditory hair cell MESH:A.08.663.650.250 A mechanoreceptor cell located in the organ of Corti that is sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that is sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system. hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) T-helper 2 cell A type of T-helper cell whose cytokine production promotes defense against extracellular parasites and humoral immune responses typical of allergy. TH2 cell helper T-lymphocyte type 2 helper T-cell type 2 helper T lymphocyte type 2 helper T cell type 2 cuticle secreting cell suppressor T cell suppressor T-cell A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. suppressor T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte suppressor T lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte BB cone bipolar cell type 9 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is wide and the dendritic convergence indicates cone selectivity. The axon terminal is sparsely branched and terminates in sublamina 5 of the inner plexiform layer. A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. skeletal muscle myoblast stratified epithelial stem cell Cell expressing the ecmA marker from a promoter region that is proximal to the ATG (ecmAO promoter). They are located at the anterior-most region of the slug. During culmination pstA cells differentiate into pstAB cells. DictyBase:DDB pstAO pstA prestalk A cell DDANAT:0000022 monocyte stem cell colony forming unit macrophage CFU-M http://www.copewithcytokines.de A progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. monoblast stellate interneuron adepithelial cell FBbt:00003219 glandular epithelial cell milk secreting cell macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. histiocyte reticulocyte An immature erythrocyte showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining. fusiform initial CL:0000274 xylem mother cell xylem initial An elongated cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends, found in the vascular cambium, which gives rise to the elements of the axial system in the secondary vascular tissues. delta basophila gonadotroph luteinizing hormone secreting cell guidepost cell ISBN:08199377X A cell of a filament of a fungal mycelium. hyphal cell A myeloblast committed to the eosinophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. eosinophilic myeloblast basket cell monodendritic cell brush cell osteoprogenitor cell retinal bipolar neuron A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. NK T cell NK T lymphocyte natural killer T-cell natural killer T lymphocyte natural killer T cell natural killer T-lymphocyte NK T-cell An alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage bearing natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. NK T-lymphocyte B-1a B cell B-1a B lymphocyte PMID:11861604 A B-1 B cell bearing the CD5 surface marker. multinucleated odontoclast multinuclear odontoclast A specialized mononuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. border follicle cell FBbt:00004905 A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. blast cell non-terminally differentiated cell A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun. neutrophilic myelocyte ecdysteroid secreting cell support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) B-1 B-lymphocyte B-1 B-cell B-1 B lymphocyte A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. B-1 B cell cone retinal bipolar cell A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. tip cell A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. MESH:A.06.224.161 phaeochromocyte chromaffin cell spore (sensu Mycetozoa) Dormant cell protected by a spore coat. DDANAT:0000029 myeloid progenitor cell A progenitor cell of any myeloid lineage, potentially multipotent. Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. primary sporogenous cell pollen mother cell A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell. microsporocyte yolk cell fibrocyte stratified epithelial cell xylem fiber cell A fiber of the xylem tissue, Two types are recognized in the secondary xylem: fiber tracheids and libriform fibers. A fibroblast-like cell that provides support at neuromuscular junctions in vertebrates and are localized outside the synaptic basal lamina. perijunctional fibroblast satellite cell smooth muscle myoblast MESH:A.11.635.510 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. pinealocyte neuroglioblast FBbt:00005147 keratin accumulating cell basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis beta cell scotopic photoreceptor cell A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives an orange to red appearance. erythrophore chlamydospore An asexual 1-celled spore (primarily for perennation, not dissemination). Originates endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell by the contraction of the protoplast. Possesses an inner secondary and often thickened hyaline or brown wall, usually impregnated with hydrophobic material. ISBN:085199377X FBbt:00004904 follicle cell An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as the CD4 coreceptors. CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell SP CD4 cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte polymodal nocireceptor primary cell line cell FBbt:00000092 pole cell cuprophilic cell copper accumulating cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). IgG B cell Not a differentiation state per se, and IgG isotypes vary by species; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. tormogen cell FBbt:00005171 socket cell Refers to an activated mature B lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). B lymphoblast A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. MESH:A.08.637.600 oligodendroglia oligodendrocyte striated muscle cell skeletal muscle cell permanently open valve cell corticotropin hormone secreting cell A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin. corticotroph CL:0000640 corticotrophin hormone secreting cell corticotrope adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell squamous epithelial cell eosinophilic leukocyte eosinophilic leucocyte eosinocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte eosinophil FBbt:00001666 cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda) An immature T cell in the thymus that has passed the beta-selection checkpoint and is rapidly proliferating and rearranging the T cell receptor alpha chain and expressing the CD8 coreceptor. This stage comes between the DN4 and DP stages. immature single positive T cell ISP immature single positive T-lymphocyte immature single positive T-cell immature single positive T lymphocyte mesodermal cell mesoderm cell mesoblast MESH:A.16.254.425.660 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. stab cell band cell band form A late neutrophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature neutrophil. rod neutrophil band band form neutrophil An immature T cell in the thymus at the earliest stage of T cell receptor rearrangement of the beta, gamma, and delta T cell receptor chains. TN2 cell DN2 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte thymocyte DN2 thymocyte DN2 immature T cell DN2 alpha-beta immature T-cell DN2 cell TN2 thymocyte DN2 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte basophil progenitor cell colony forming unit basophil CFU-Bas basophilic stem cell A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage. basal cell Mycetozoan cell A tracheary element of the xylem that has no perforations, as contrasted with a vessel member. May occur in primary and in secondary xylem. May have any kind of secondary wall thickening found in tracheary elements. tracheid taste receptor cell phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) FAO:0000039 A sporangiospore that is motile, having flagella. zoospore heart muscle cell cardiocyte cardiac muscle cell (sensu Arthopoda) CL:0000466 MESH:A.11.620.500 A striated muscle cell found in the heart. They develop from cardiac myoblasts. A fungal cell with two or more genetically distinct nuclei. heterokaryon amoeboid cell Cajal-Retzius cell PMID:9728912 PMID:10600995 One of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene. surfactant secreting cell parathyroid hormone secreting cell chief cell permanent cell line cell FBbt:00005083 FBbt:00005074 muscle cell myocyte MESH:A.11.620 A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle. collagen secreting cell eosinophilic promyelocyte A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules. embryonic stem cell epiblast cell corona radiata cell connective tissue type mast cell A mast cell of the connective tissue. norepinephrin secreting cell follicular epithelial cell myelin accumulating cell fungal cell epithem cell A cell that constitutes the mesophyll of a hydathode and is located between the xylem endings and the epidermis. Proposed to be involved in the retrieval of solutes from the xylem sap. PMID:12662305 melanophore melanocyte A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance. CL:0000572 extramedullary cell pericardial cell FBbt:00003184 scleral cell proerythroblast rubriblast pronormoblast An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. MESH:A.11.118.290.350.200 nocireceptor nociceptor pain receptor cell The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings. MESH:A.08.800.550.700.650 experimentally modified cell A cell that has been changed as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure. paraganglia type 2 cell Supports paraganglial type 1 cell. Purkinje fiber female germ cell cementoblast epidermal cell MA:ma A cell found in the outermost layer of the organism. zygote TAIR:0000423 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. corneal endothelial cell MESH:A.09.371.060.067.31 Cell of the single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea. primary motor neuron thermoreceptor cell MESH:A.08.800.550.700.840 A cellular receptor which mediates the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and pain receptor cells which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain. polytene cell primary interneuron CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. intraepithelial lymphocyte IEL CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell FBbt:00004954 sperm A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. MESH:A.05.360.490.890 spermatozoon spermatozoid sperm cell FBbt:00005149 ganglion mother cell FBbt:00004995 oenocyte A cell in a tissue that markedly differs in form, size, or contents from other cells in the same tissue. idioblast seam cell pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) myoepithelial cell auditory receptor cell primordial germ cell cholinergic neuron oxygen accumulating cell nitrogen fixing cell lysozyme secreting cell R2 photoreceptor cell TAIR:sr A cell involved in transporting nutrients, minerals, water, gases and other chemicals between cells for a variety of purposes including conveying nutrition to other tissues, removing waste products from the tissues, conveying gases for respiration, distributing heat and repelling invasion of foreign substances. transporting cell cholecystokin stimulating hormone secreting cell A specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member. ISBN:0879015322 companion cell neuronal stem cell A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. MESH:A.11.118.637.415 granulocyte macroconidium FAO:0000038 multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. syncytium syncytial cell androgen secreting cell receptor cell metanephric mesenchyme stem cell MESH:A.11.329.427 ISBN:068340007X A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. mast cell mastocyte labrocyte tissue basophil T-helper 1 cell A type of T-helper cell whose cytokine production favors cellular immune responses and delayed type hypersensitivity. TH1 cell helper T-lymphocyte type 1 helper T-cell type 1 helper T lymphocyte type 1 helper T cell type 1 fat cell A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of tryglycerides. MESH:A.11.329.114 lipocyte adipocyte substance P secreting cell A terminally differentiated chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. PMID:15951842 hypertrophic chondrocyte Muller cell melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell melanotroph melanotrope A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone. autonomic neuron R7 photoreceptor cell columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell red blood cell A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. MESH:A.11.118.290 erythrocyte RBC alpha-beta T cell alpha-beta T-lymphocyte alpha-beta T-cell alpha-beta T lymphocyte An immature or mature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. branched duct epithelial cell rubricyte polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast intermediate erythroblast polychromatophilic normoblast A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely blue color, but takes on an acidophilic tint, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. polychromatophilic erythroblast intermediate normoblast MESH:A.16.254.425.273 A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. ectodermal cell ectoderm cell primary spermatocyte eurydendroid cell A cell secreting sweat, the fluid excreted by the sweat glands of mammals. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products. MESH:A.12.200.849 sweat secreting cell germ line stem cell germline stem cell R8 photoreceptor cell CNS interneuron mucilage cell Cell containing mucilages or gums or similar carbohydrate material characterized by the property of swelling in water. thymus processed stem cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). Consider using term 'pro-T cell ; CL:0000827' or the term 'immature T cell ; CL:0000804' or one of its children instead. CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell suppressor T lymphocyte CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell suppressor T-cell A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. suppressor T cell suppressor T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte multipolar neuron microconidium FAO:0000028 A cell that stores pancreatic polypeptides. pp cell Merkel cell MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500.425 A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute, such as the fingertips. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. cystoblast lymph gland crystal cell A specialized multinuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone. PMID:12713016 multinuclear osteoclast multinucleated osteoclast OFF-bipolar cell A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells hyperpolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors. retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MESH:A.08.663.650.650.670.650 mucus secreting cell mucous cell mature eosinophil mature eosinocyte mature eosinophil leukocyte polymorphonuclear leukocyte A fully differentiated eosinophil, a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. mature eosinophil leucocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte Claudius cell cell by histology A classification of cells by their microscopical appearance. smooth muscle cell CL:0000191 MESH:A.11.620.520 A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). non-striated muscle cell central cell A cell containing the two polar nuclei which, after double fertilization, will develop into the endosperm. gastrin secreting cell macroglial cell lipocyte mesangial cell mesangial phagocyte PMID:16146841 PMID:1600140 ISBN:3540536663 ISBN:0702022918 A mononuclear phagocyte of the renal glomerular mesangium, of hematopoietic origin. metal ion accumulating cell glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) Kupffer cell A specialized phagocytic cell of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. MESH:A.11.329.372.588 storage cell A cell that is specialized to store a particular substance(s), which is(are) later released from the store for a particular purpose. polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear neutrophil mature neutrophilic leucocyte mature neutrophilic leukocyte mature neutrocyte poly polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte MESH:A.11.118.637.415.583 A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte mature neutrophil leukocyte polymorphonuclear leucocyte PMN mature neutrophil mature neutrophil leucocyte germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) ovum FBbt:00000034 egg endorphin secreting cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. circulating cell outer hair cell MESH:A.08.663.650.250.315 A mechanoreceptor in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. band form basophil A late basophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil. socket cell (sensu Nematoda) An erythrocyte having a nucleus. nucleate erythrocyte red blood cell RBC CNS long range interneuron A cell whose nucleus, or nuclei, each contain more than two haploid genomes. polyploid cell A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores; also called megaspore mother cell. megasporocyte megaspore mother cell archesporial cell lactotroph mammotropic cell mammotroph prolactin secreting cell mammotrophic cell mammotrope lactotrope An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. epsilon-acidophil lactotropic cell slowly adapting mechanoreceptor cell neuroplacodal cell paraganglial type 1 cell MESH:A.08.663.650 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. input neuron afferent neuron common myeloid progenitor ISBN:0878932437 multipotential myeloid stem cell CMP myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) cfu-gemm CFU-S colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte PMID:10724173 A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. primary oocyte cementocyte amnioserosal cell brown fat cell A cell from the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species, including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is capable of rapid liberation of energy and seems to be important in the maintenance of body temperature immediately after birth and upon waking from hibernation. MESH:A.10.165.114.322 MESH:A.11.329.372.630 A mononuclear phagocyte that develops from bone marrow precursors but is resident in the peritoneum. peritoneal macrophage mature B lymphocyte mature B-cell mature B-lymphocyte mature B cell A mature form of a B cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of an immunoglobulin complex. paracrine cell vasopressin stimulating hormone secreting cell peptide hormone secreting cell red sensitive photoreceptor cell neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) adrenal medulla cell chromafin cell female gametophyte egg cell The female gamete of plants. egg cell thyroid hormone secreting cell FBbt:00004193 crystallin accumulating cell lens cell cone cell type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a loose, delicate axon terminal that opens in sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer and descends into sublamina 4. DB5 cone bipolar cell A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun. basophilic myelocyte secondary pigment cell type 8 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) DB6 cone bipolar cell An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. This cell has the widest dendritic field and the widest axon terminal of all retinal bipolar cells. The axon terminal is delicate and stratified through sublaminae 4 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer. small luteal cell prokaryotic cell basophilic myeloblast A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. stratified cuboidal epithelial cell UV sensitive photoreceptor cell MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535.400 A flattened stroma cell forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature ovarian follicle. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily androgens which serve as precusors of estrogens in the granulosa cells. theca cell male germ cell MESH:A.06.688 A neuron that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system. neurosecretory cell neuroendocrine cell nitrergic neuron A nerve cell where transmission is mediated by nitric oxide. MESH:A.08.663.748 apoptosis fated cell lymphoid stem cell committed lymphopoietic stem cell CL:0000044 CLP lymphopoietic stem cell PMID:10407577 A progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. ELP common lymphocyte progenitor early lymphocyte progenitor interfollicle cell FBbt:00004910 stalk cell skeletal muscle satellite cell MESH:A.11.635.500.700 An elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblast lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration. The cell protoplasm after removal of the cell wall. protoplast MESH:A.11.118.637.555.652 Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood. monocyte acceleration receptive cell A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. thrombocyte Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. Use platelet ; CL:0000233 for thrombocytes (platelets) in mammals. blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) endoderm cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:A.16.254.425.407 oogonial cell MESH:A.09.246.631.246.577.543 Cells forming a framework supporting the organ of Corti. Specific cells are those of Claudius, Deiters and Hensen. labyrinth supporting cell retinal cone cell MESH:A.08.663.650.650.670.100 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. myrosin cell Cell containing glucosinolates ('mustard oil glucosides') and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates. Occurs in eleven dicotyledon families, the two largest of which are the Brassicaceae and Euphorbiaceae. defensive cell A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. Differentiating cell composing the aggregate that has acquired adhesive properties. aggregate cell DDANAT:0000009 odontoblast tracheoblast white muscle cell fast muscle cell FBbt:00005124 sensory neuron smooth muscle cell neural crest derived serotin secreting cell CNS short range interneuron mesenchyme condensation cell ito cell perisinusoidal cell blastemal cell DDANAT:0000024 pstB Cell expressing ecmB but not ecmA. Most pstB cells are located at the very rear of the slug (rearguard region). These cells form part of the basal disc of the fruiting body. If a migratory slug is formed, these cells are left behind. prestalk B cell A phagocytic cell formed by the fusion of macrophages. ISBN:0702024783 foreign body giant cell macrophage polykaryon syncytial giant cell multinucleated giant cell multinucleate giant cell Langerhans giant cell ALC anterior like cell DDANAT:0000019 Cell that has properties of anterior cells (for e.g., accumulate vital dyes in autophagic vesicles) but that is are scattered throughout the rear of the slug. Some but not all these cells express the ecmA gene and/or the ecmB gene. ALCs maintain an amoeboid appearance during culmination. ALCs that express the ecmO promoter have been called pstO/ALC. thymocyte DP thymocyte DP cell double-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. double-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell goblet cell chalice cell A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins. MESH:A.03.492.411.369.320 apud cell A cell that develops from primitive cell types in the neural crest. During ontogeny they migrate to the foregut and specific locations of the neuroendocrine system. Properly located these cells form part of the normal hormone producing tissues of the neuroendocrine system. If misdirected these cells may become hyperplastic, adenomatous, or malignant. MESH:A.11.070 coelomocyte renin secreting cell hematopoietic stem cell colony forming unit hematopoietic hemopoietic progenitor cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. hemopoietic stem cell HSC hematopoietic progenitor cell mononuclear cytotrophoblast cell A progenitor cell of the neutrophil lineage. neutrophil progenitor cell neutrophil stem cell epithelial cell of lung secondary spermatocyte FBbt:00004941 granulosa cell MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535.200 A supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the mammalian oocyte in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the ovum in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors. Specialized ependymal cell that produces the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood and secretes it into the lumen of the brain and spinal chord. choroid plexus epithelial cell polymorphonuclear leucocyte neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophil leucocyte polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte neutrocyte poly polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. neutrophilic leucocyte PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil neutrophilic leukocyte neutrophil leukocyte seminal fluid secreting cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to mulitple lineages of cells. multipotent stem cell A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria. urothelial cell FAO:0000023 asexual spore digestive enzyme secreting cell testosterone secreting cell The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. pyknotic erythroblast orthochromatic normoblast eosinophilic erythroblast acidophilic erythroblast orthochromatic erythroblast A cell whose primary function is intermediary metabolism. fat body cell lymphoblast OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). Refers to an activated mature lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'lymphocyte ; CL:0000542' or one of its children instead. A classification of cells by their primary end goal or behavior. cell by function antipodal cell A cell located at the chalazal end of the mature embryo sac in angiosperms. ISBN:047125208 female germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) FBbt:00004873 FBbt:00004861 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac myocytes. MESH:A.11.635.470 cardioblast cardiac muscle myoblast CL:0000714 eye photoreceptor cell This term had an incorrect definition and was overly broad. Consider using 'CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell ; CL:0000794' (in most cases) or another lymphocyte cell type if cytotoxicity is shown to be part of the cell's phenotype in a particular experimental situation. OBSOLETE: A cell responsible for spontaneous cytotoxicity of a variety of tumor cells without prior immunization. These natural killer cells are found in non-immune humans and experimental animals and are thought by some to be the same as killer cells (killing by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity), but they can also kill in the absence of antibody. cytotoxic T cell polygonal cell FBbt:00001691 PMID:14685782 lymphokine activated killer cell LAK cell mature natural killer cell A mature form of a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. imaginal disc cell luteal cell A Progesterone secreting cell in the corpus luteum. The large luteal cells develop from the granulosa cells. The small luteal cells develop from the theca cells. MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.278.400 CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell intraepithelial lymphocyte IEL A CD8-positive, gamma-delta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte ISBN:0125296509 Neuromast support cell is a non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells. neuromast support cell A cell that can perform photosynthesis, in which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water, using light as the energy source. photosynthetic cell pH receptor cell OBSOLETE: A cell of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B cells, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize. Consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. antibody secreting cell Any of the immature forms of a basophil, in which basophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. A basophil is granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. immature basophilic leukocyte immature basophilic leucocyte immature basophil melanoblast A cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into a pigment cell. enterochromaffin cell An irregular-shaped argyrophilic cell which produces histamine, chromogranin A/pancreastatin, and an as yet unidentified peptide hormone. They are the predominant endocrine cell type of the oxyntic (acid-producing) mucosa of the mammalian stomach. ECL cells respond to gastrin by releasing their secretory products and this source of histamine acts as the positive paracrine stimulator of the release of hydrochloric acid from the parietal cell. MESH:A.06.224.365 enteroendocrine cell Kulchitsky cell argentaffin cell FBbt:00004230 visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) inhibitory interneuron neck cell mucous neck cell A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor. CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell generative cell The cell that will give rise to the generative nuclei which will participate in fertilization. white fat cell myoblast MESH:A.11.635 An embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. heterocyst A differentiated cell that functions as a site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions. unipolar neuron steroid hormone secreting cell guard cell One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore and causing the opening and closing of the pore by changes in turgor. degenerate megaspore In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that do not participate in megagametogenesis. acinar cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). Consider using 'osteoclast ; CL:0000092' instead. osteochondroclast A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. MESH:A.11.118.188 platelet thrombocyte blood platelet Minute protoplasmic masses that make up organized tissue, usually consisting of a nucleus which is surrounded by protoplasm which contains the various organelles and is enclosed in the cell or plasma membrane. Cells are the fundamental, structural, and functional units of living organisms. MESH:A.11 cell FBbt:00005127 amacrine cell Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. MESH:A.08.663.358.050 amacrine neuron synovial cell professional antigen presenting cell Note change of name; nearly all somatic cells can present antigens to T cells via MHC Class I complexes leading to effector responses, but professional antigen presenting cells constituitively express MHC Class II as well as constimulatory molecules, and thus can initiate immune responses via T cells. APC A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. binucleate cell hatching gland cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. erythroid lineage cell dopaminergic neuron A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter. CL:dhill B cell B-lymphocyte B-cell B lymphocyte A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of an immunoglobulin complex. sclerenchyma cell Cell variable in form and size, being more or less thick, often lignified, secondary walls. Belongs to the category of subcells and may or may not be devoid of protoplast at maturity. Hensen cell iron accumulating cell glucocorticoid secreting cell enkephalin secreting cell stratum granulosum cell A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen. ependymal cell ependymocyte sensory epithelial cell blastomere blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MESH:A.11.104 sebum secreting cell A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. MESH:A.12.200.702 chemotactic amoeboid cell (sensu Mycetozoa) DDANAT:0000001 Starved cell that secretes and responds to chemoattractants (cAMP). eggshell secreting cell ray initial A meristemic ray cell in the vascular cambium that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. multinucleated phagocyte A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. structural cell nephrogenic mesenchyme stem cell choroidal cell garland cell FBbt:00005059 gastrin stimulating hormone secreting cell glioblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) nodal cardiac cell A progenitor committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing certain phenotypic markers of the natural killer cell lineage such as the IL-15 receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. PMID:15766674 PMID:15032583 PMID:12457618 PMID:11532393 NKP natural killer cell progenitor preNK cell null cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte fusion competent myoblast An epithelial cell found in the basal part of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn). Paneth cells synthesize and secrete lysozyme and cryptdins. MESH:A.03.492.411.369.700 Paneth cell functional megaspore In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that will undergo megagametogenesis. R1 photoreceptor cell chromophil cell stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). Male gamete, part of male germ unit. sperm cell (sensu Viridiplantae) TAIR:0000084 pollen germ cell male gametophyte sperm cell gametophyte sperm cell sieve element The cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials. Classified into sieve cell and sieve tube member. ON-bipolar cell A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors. acidophil cell alpha cell MESH:A.11.329.228 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. fibroblast germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) GLR cell glycocalyx secreting cell immature gamma-delta T cell immature gamma-delta T-cell An immature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. immature gamma-delta T lymphocyte immature gamma-delta T-lymphocyte Note that gamma-delta T cell have both thymic and extrathymic differentiation pathways. pigmented epithelial cell An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is not well filled and the dendrites are more delicate than in type 1 cells. The axon terminal is bushier and exhibits a dense plexus of varicosities in the inner part of sublamina 1. type 2 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) FMB cone bipolar cell eukaryotic cell periarticular chondrocyte A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. microglial cell microglia juxtaglomerular cell red muscle cell slow muscle cell polymorphonuclear leukocyte mature basophil leukocyte mature basophil leucocyte A fully differentiated basophil, a granular leukocyte with an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. CL:0000739 mature basophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell A stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Langerhans cell megalokaryocyte megalocaryocyte megacaryocyte A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm. megakaryocyte sheath cell Cell that express ecmA at a very low level. Located at the posterior half of the prestalk zone. Expresses ecmA from the distal region of its promoter (ecmO). prestalk 0 cell DDANAT:0000006 spheroplast MESH:A.11.868 A cell, usually of bacteria or yeast, which has partially lost its cell wall. sphaeroplast support cell (sensu Nematoda) FBbt:00005144 foam cell A type of macrophage containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. neuron neural crest derived angioblastic mesenchymal cell angioblast An absorptive cell of the mammalian gut epithelium that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them to the subepithelial space where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. M cell fibroblast neural crest derived spermatocyte FBbt:00004936 A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. MESH:A.05.360.490.890.880 insulating cell ligament cell endothelial cell A late eosinophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil. band form eosinophil A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system inside the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction providing chemical and physical support to the synapse. terminal Schwann cell A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains uric acid or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called leucosomes. The crystals reflect light and this gives a white appearance under white light. leucophore epithelial cell of gland An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is restricted to sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer. It is narrowly stratified and branched. The dendritic tree has many delicate branches. DB4 cone bipolar cell type 5 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) A cell of the strip of specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonal neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms a column of isolated cells along the dorsal aspect of the neural tube. Most of the cranial and all of the spinal sensory ganglion cells arise by differentiation of neural crest cells. MESH:A.16.254.600 neural crest cell non-branched duct epithelial cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. mononuclear cell cardiac mesenchymal cell epithelial cell of pancreas enucleate erythrocyte red blood cell RBC An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. A haploid (1n) spore developing into a female gametophyte in heterosporous plants. megaspore crypt olfactory receptor neuron An olfactory receptor cell with short cilia growing in an invagination bordered by microvilli. PMID:16841163 crypt sensory neuron crypt olfactory sensory neuron crypt cell single cell sarcomere FBbt:00000124 A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. MESH:A.11.436 epithelial cell distal tip cell (sensu Nematoda) MESH:A.11.436.107 A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamal organ. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the dental enamal), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992). ameloblast transitional stage B-lymphocyte transitional stage B lymphocyte T1 B cell T2 B cell An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature nave stage. Transitional B cells express surface immunoglobulin, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. T3 B cell transitional stage B-cell transitional stage B cell p-NK immature natural killer cell An immature form of a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. Immature natural killer cells have begun to express the characteristic natural killer cell activation and inhibitory molecules through a selection process leading to tolerance to normal self cells. iridophore A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color. gamma-delta T lymphocyte Note that gamma-delta T cell have both thymic and extrathymic differentiation pathways. gamma-delta T-lymphocyte gamma-delta T-cell An immature or mature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. gamma-delta T cell A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage. lymphocyte An epidermal cell that divides to produce the guard cells. guard mother cell serous secreting cell somatostatin secreting cell stem cell MESH:A.11.872 A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. MESH:A.11.329.830 stromal cell electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. promegakaryocyte megacaryoblast megakaryocyte progenitor cell megakaryoblast The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. promegacaryocyte megacaryocyte progenitor cell posterior cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota) A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. barrier cell insulin secreting cell A cell whose nucleus has two haploid genomes. diploid cell cell by ploidy A classification of cells by the number of haploid genome equivalents of their nucleus or nuclei. alveolar macrophage Round, granular, mononuclear phagocyte found in the alveoli of the lungs. Ingests small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. MESH:A.11.329.372.600 epidermoblast FBbt:00004994 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096 CFU-GM CFU-C , Colony forming unit in culture A progenitor cell committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. GMP granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage granulocyte-macrophage progenitor keratinocyte MESH:A.11.436.397 An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. gangion interneuron fast muscle myoblast A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into fast muscle fibers. sieve cell A type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores), rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. phagocyte Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a diffuse axon terminal with varicosities in sublaminae 1 and 2 of the inner plexiform layer. DB3 cone bipolar cell germ line cell dentine secreting cell FBbt:00005169 trichogen cell hair cell leucocyte leukocyte white blood cell A nucleated cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue. immune cell neuroblast FBbt:00005146 Anterior-like cell that expresses the ecmO promoter and that can move to the position normally occupied by the pstO cells. pstO/ALC DDANAT:0000007 output neuron efferent neuron MESH:A.08.663.655 A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. beta cell pancreatic B cell extraembryonic cell gut endothelial cell ciliated cell FAO:0000017 sexual spore meiotically-derived spore mitogenic signaling cell A cell whose primary function is to cause growth by stimulating cell division in its immediate cellular environment. A rapidly cycling mature B cell distinct phenotypic characteristics involved in T-dependent immune responses and found typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. germinal center B cell neutrophilic granuloblast neutrophilic myeloblast A myeloblast committed to the neutrophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. mature T cell A mature form of a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. mature T-lymphocyte mature T-cell mature T lymphocyte This term is rather archaic; consider using 'natural killer cell ; CL:0000623', 'pro-B cell ; CL:0000826', 'pro-T cell ; CL:0000827', or other appropriate lymphocyte-related term depending on the context. null cell OBSOLETE: A class of lymphocytes characterized by the lack of surface markers specific for either T or B cells. memory T-lymphocyte memory T-cell memory T lymphocyte memory T cell A distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that is readily activated upon reencounter of its antigenic determinant. neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) neuroblast colony forming unit erythroid CFU-E erythroid progenitor cell blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid BFU-E A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. erythroid stem cell valve cell chromophobic cell chromophobe cell primary sensory neuron corneal epithelial cell cell by lineage Mauthner neuron mesenchymal cell A cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. R3 photoreceptor cell bone matrix secreting cell An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is delicate and the dendritic tips appear small when compared with type 1 cells. The axon terminal is stratified and restricted to sublamina 2 of the inner plexiform layer. DB2 cone bipolar cell type 3 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) ciliated epithelial cell TAIR:0000296 subsidiary cell accessory cell ISBN:047124520 An epidermal cell associated with a stoma and at least morphologically distinguishable from the epidermal cells composing the groundmass of the tissue. scaffold cell hair matrix stem cell microspore pollen A haploid (1n) spore developing into a male gametophyte in heterosporous plants; the uninucleate pollen grain in seed plants. ameoba vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) Unicellular haploid myxamoebae that feeds on bacteria and divides by binary fission. A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules. basophilic promyelocyte enteroendocrine cell female germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. starch sheath cell ISBN:044174520 A cell characterized by conspicuous and rather stable accumulation of starch. A distinctly differentiated long-lived B cell that is readily activated upon reencounter of its antigenic determinant. Memory B cells differentiate from antigen-activated B cells which have been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. memory B cell memory B-lymphocyte memory B-cell memory B lymphocyte mature gamma-delta T cell A mature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. mature gamma-delta T-lymphocyte mature gamma-delta T-cell mature gamma-delta T lymphocyte Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. thromboblast keratinizing barrier epithelial cell male germ line stem cell IgM B cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). Not a differentiation state per se; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. neuromast mantle cell Neuromast mantle cell is a non-sensory cell. Neuromast mantle cells surround the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secrete cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded. embryonic gland hemocyte procrystal cell FBbt:00001689 A cell whose primary function is intermediary metabolism. metabolising cell An immature T cell in the thymus that has passed the beta-selection checkpoint and is rapidly proliferating and beginning to rearrange the T cell receptor alpha chain. DN4 alpha-beta immature T cell DN4 thymocyte DN4 cell DN4 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte thymocyte striated muscle cell osteocyte A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. MESH:A.11.329.629.500 glial cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) immature alpha-beta T cell immature alpha-beta T-lymphocyte immature alpha-beta T-cell immature alpha-beta T lymphocyte An immature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. pepsinogen secreting cell zymogenic cell peptic cell chief cell A B-1 B cell not bearing the CD5 surface marker, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell. B-1b B lymphocyte B-1b B cell male germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) FBbt:00004929 cell in vivo protein secreting cell cap cell meristemoid A cell constituting an active locus of meristematic activity in a tissue composed of somewhat older, differentiating cells. A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner. Note that while T cels of this subset are loosely referred to 'cytotoxic T cells,' as many other T cell types, including CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells and gamma-delta T cells exhibit cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxic T-cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxic T cell A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into slow muscle fibers. slow muscle myoblast enterocyte female germ line stem cell carbohydrate secreting cell A mature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. mature alpha-beta T cell mature alpha-beta T-lymphocyte mature alpha-beta T-cell mature alpha-beta T lymphocyte fiber tracheid A fiber like tracheid in the secondary xylem; commonly thick walled, with pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit like apertures. epidermal cell (sensu Insecta) DN3 cell DN3 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte DN3 immature T cell DN3 alpha-beta immature T-cell DN3 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte TN3 thymocyte An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the T cell receptor beta-chain in complex with the pre-T cell receptor alpha chain. thymocyte TN3 cell DN3 thymocyte A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. electrically signaling cell phloem element columnar neuron columnar neuron epithelial fate stem cell FBbt:00005148 neuroepidermoblast Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts; a component of leaf mesophyll and other green parenchyma tissue. chlorenchyma cell endospore ISBN:127520252 A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the dendritic cell associated with T cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors and C3b receptors, but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B cells during an immune response. Due to its unique lineage and distinct function, this is not a type of dendritic cell; CL:0000451. follicular dendritic cell phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) intraepithelial lymphocyte IEL An alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell ISBN:0140514031 Cell type formed after the first mitotic division of the microgametophye, The nucleus of this cell migrates to the tip of the pollen tube after germination and disintegrates when the pollen tube penetrates the nucellus. vegetative cell endothelial tip cell A specialized endothelial cell that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels. PMID:15376331 stellate cell FBbt:00005130 neurosecretory neuron R6 photoreceptor cell R4 photoreceptor cell FBbt:00005038 tracheocyte tracheal epithelial cell embryonic crystal cell OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). Not a differentiation state per se; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. IgE B cell neuron associated cell endopolyploid cell type 7 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) IMB cone bipolar cell An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is narrowly stratified and are found just below a calretinin-expressing band in sublamina 4 of the inner plexiform layer. immature eosinophil Any of the immature forms of an eosinophil, in which eosinophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. An eosinophil is a granulocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. immature eosinophilic leukocyte immature eosinophilic leucocyte immature eosinocyte glycogen accumulating cell podocyte (sensu Diptera) spore The reproductive structure of bacteria, fungi and cryptograms. DDANAT:0000025 Vacuolated cell located at the center of the stalk tube that has a cell wall composed of cellulose and that die upon terminal differentiation. Stalk cells provide structural support for the fruiting body. stalk cell closable valve cell pituicyte morula cell MESH:A.16.254.270.550 A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass. CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. stratified non keratinized epithelial stem cell D cell MESH:A.03.492.766.440.175 A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. Purkinje cell MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600 The output neuron of the cerebellar cortex. syncytial epithelial cell